A. PENGERTIAN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct dan Indirect atau dikenal juga
dengan Reported speech. Direct dan Indirect ini merupakan
cara atau teknik menyampaikan pesan kepada seseorang yang sering dilakukan
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Direct atau kalimat langsung adalah cara
menyampaikan pesan secara langsung atau ucapan dan kalimatnya sama persis
seperti yang diucapkan oleh orang aslinya tanpa diubah ataupun ditambah.
Sedangkan, Indirect merupakan kebalikan dari Direct. Indirect
atau kalimat tak langsung adalah cara menyampaikan pesan tak langsung atau
ucapan dan kalimat yang disampaikan telah berbeda dari ucapan orang aslinya
atau telah ditambah dengan tujuan agar pesan yang disampaikan lebih jelas dan
terkesan alami bagi yang mendengarnya.
Selain beberapa perbedaan diatas, pada kalimat
direct dan indirect juga terdapat beberapa perbedaan lainnya
yaitu, perubahan Tenses dalam direct ke indirect speech
misalnya pada saat kalimat langsung (direct) menggunakan tenses dalam
bentuk present maka pada kalimat tak langsung (indirect) menggunakan
tenses dalam bentuk past. Perubahan bentuk tenses tersebut dapat dilihat pada
tabel berikut ini:
- Simple Present diubah menjadi Simple Past
- Direct : she said, “I buy a pen.”
- Indirect : she said that she bought a pen.
- Present Continuous Tense diubah menjadi Past Continuous Tense
- Direct : she said, “ I am buying a pen.”
- Indirect : she said that she was buying a pen.
- Present Perfect Tense diubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense
- Direct : she said, ‘ I have bought a pen.”
- Indirect : she said that she had bought a pen.
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense diubah menjadi Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Direct : she said, “ I have been buying a pen since 6 o’clock.”
- Indirect : she said that she had been buying a pen since 6 o’clock.
- Simple Past Tense diubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense
- Direct : she said, “ I bought a pen.”
- Indirect : she said that she had bought a pen.
- Simple Future Tense diubah menjadi Past Future Tense
- Direct : she said, “ I will buy a pen.”
- Indirect : she said that she would buy a pen.
- Future Continuous Tense diubah menjadi Past Future Continuous Tense
- Direct : she said, “ I will be buying a pen.”
- Indirect : she said that she would be buying a pen.
Contoh kalimat untuk perubahan tenses nya
seperti dibawah ini:
1. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Simple Present
Tense ke Simple Past Tense
- Direct : He said, “I buy a camera.”
- Indirect : He said that he bought a camera.
2. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Present
Continuous Tense ke Past Continuous Tense
- Direct : He said, “I am buying a camera.”
- Indirect : He said that he was buying a camera.
3. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Present
Perfect Tense ke Past Perfect Tense
- Direct : He said, “I have bought a camera.”
- Indirect : He said that he had bought a camera.
4. Perubahan tenses dari Present Perfect
Continuous Tense ke Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Direct : He said, “I have been buying a camera today.”
- Indirect : He said that he had been buying a camera that day.
5. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Simple Past
Tense ke Past Perfect Tense
- Direct : He said, “I bought a camera.”
- Indirect : He said that he had bought a camera.
6. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Simple Future
Tense ke Past Future Tense
- Direct : He said, “I will buy a camera.”
- Indirect : He said that he would buy a camera.
7. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Future
Continuous Tense ke Past Future Continuous Tense
- Direct : He said, “I will be buying a camera.”
- Indirect : He said that he would be buying a camera.
Selain perubahan tenses yang terjadi pada
kalimat Direct dan Indirect, terjadi beberapa perubahan lainnya
juga seperti perubahan waktu (Change in time/ adverb) dan perubahan kata
ganti benda/orang (Change in Pronoun). Perubahan tersebut dapat dilihat
pada able dibawah ini:
C. PENGGUNAAN DAN CONTOH DIRECT AND INDIRECT
SPEECH
Berdasarkan untuk penggunaan kalimat langsung
(Direct) dan tak langsung (Indirect), dibagi ke dalam 3 jenis
yaitu:
1. Command dan Prohabitition
(Perintah dan Larangan)
Kalimat perintah atau kalimat larangan harus
ditambahkan kata “to” sebelum kalimat yang ingin disampaikan.
Contoh :
a. Kalimat perintah
- Direct speech : Nora asked me, “Close the window.”
- Indirect speech : Nora asked me to close the window.
b. Kalimat larangan
- Direct speech : Nora asked me, “Don’t close the window.”
- Indirect speech : Nora asked me not to close the window.
2. Statement (Pernyataan)
Pada kalimat pernyataan digunakan kata
penghubung “that” sebelum kalimat yang ingin disampaikan.
Contoh:
- Direct speech : Widya told to me, “I will help you.”
- Indirect speech : Widya told to me that she would to help me.
3. Question (Pertanyaan)
Pada kalimat tanya juga menggunakan kata
penghubung yaitu berupa kata tanya (seperti what, who, when, why, how)
sebelum kalimat yang ingin disampaikan.
Contoh:
- Direct speech : Rania asked me, “Where are you now?”
- Indirect speech : Rania asked me where I am.
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